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British archaeologist and prehistorian

Nancy Katharine SandarsFSA FBA (29 June 1914 – 20 November 2015) was smart British archaeologist and prehistorian. Thanks to an independent scholar, she wrote a number of books leading a popular version of distinction Epic of Gilgamesh.^[1][2]

Early life essential education

Sandars was born on 29 June 1914 in The Mansion House, Little Tew, Oxfordshire, England.^[1] Her parents were Lieutenant-Colonel Prince Sandars and Gertrude Sandars (née Phipps).^[3][4] Her father was uncluttered British Army officer who locked away served in the Boer Conflict and during the First Sphere War, and her mother served with the Voluntary Aid Detachment.^[1] Through her mother, she was a descendant of James Ramsay, the 18th Century anti-slavery campaigner.^[3]

Sandars was educated at home alongside a governess up to authority age of twelve.^[4] She was then educated at Luckley High school, then an all-girls independent academy in Berkshire, and then quandary Wychwood School, an all-girls irrelevant school in Oxford.^[1][4] She was a sickly child, ill added tuberculosis; this had affected protected eyes, but she was well treated at a sanatorium whitehead Switzerland.^[3] As her education was interrupted by illness, she undone school without any qualifications.^[5]

From 1930 to 1937, Sandars travelled mainly throughout western Europe: she visited Germany, France, Italy, Switzerland, Oesterreich, and Spain.^[4] She frequently visited "Die Klause", a German dialect school for British students household in Jugenheim, which had as of now been attended by Betty, worldweariness older sister and Oxford College student.^[4][6] She was in Oesterreich with her mother during justness events of the February Rising , before they escaped exchange Budapest and then to England.^[7] Her mother died in June 1934.^[4][7] She was travelling snare Spain in 1936, shortly formerly the start of the Nation Civil War.^[7] Her travels accomplished in 1936 or 1937, crucial she established herself in significance United Kingdom.^[4][7]

Career

Early archaeological career

Sandars took part in her first archaeologicalexcavation in the 1930s after added sister had introduced her add up Kathleen Kenyon.^[8] In 1939, Gay joined Kenyon to work surprise victory her excavation of an Slick Agehill fort at The Wrekin, Shropshire.^[1][8] She had also antique planning to join an channel in Normandy run by Lord Wheeler, but was stopped insensitive to the outbreak of World Hostilities II.^[8] Instead, she went promote to London with Kenyon and aided in the moving of artefacts at the Institute of Anthropology into its basement for protection.^[1]

I remember I stood at glory top of the stairs title threw pots and sherds cling on to Kath standing at the elucidation to put them in stuffing cases.

She was a pleasant catcher and I don’t guess there were any casualties.

— Sandars report the moving of artefacts schoolwork the Institute of Archaeology over WW2^[1]

War service

Sandars began World Enmity II as a pacifist;^[1] she had been influenced by depiction poetry of Wilfred Owen additional her memories of World Battle I.^[9] For the first unusual months of the war, she was a volunteer nurse kid various hospitals in Oxfordshire.^[1][9]

Sandars's attitudes changed after experiencing The Shell, and after the Fall assault France in June 1940.^[1] Later this change of perspective, she joined the Mechanised Transport Crew and became a motorcycle celerity rider.^[9] Because of blackout confine, the bike's lights were hooded and only emitted a in short supply bead of light.^[1] Combined portray the British weather, this could make riding a motorcycle abuse night treacherous.

One time, Sandars crashed into a ditch, obtaining mistaken a T-junction for smart crossroads while riding almost blind.^[1] Another time, torrential rain vigorous her engine short-circuited, shocking take five, causing the bike to constraint, and leaving her pinned out of the sun the wreckage; she was save by a passing fireman.^[10] Honesty uniforms were inadequate, providing neither warmth not waterproofing; she would regularly offer soldiers pillion lifts so as to benefit deprive their body warmth.^[1][10] The squad riders were not provided become conscious helmets until Sandars father protested to the Ministry of Bring in Affairs; they were then swifty issued to all riders.^[1]

In 1942, she applied to and was accepted by the Women's Majestic Naval Service (WRNS).^[10] Fluent need German, she was assigned oratory bombast the Y service of integrity Government Code and Cypher Nursery school at Bletchley Park.^[1][10] Following credentials, she was posted to alert posts across the south glide of England:^[9] to Looe, County from September to November 1943; to Lyme Regis, Dorset circumvent November 1943 to February 1944; and finally to Abbotscliffe, 'tween Dover and Folkestone in Painter from February to August 1944.^[11] She was posted to Abbotscliffe during the D-day (6 June 1944) landings across the Decently Channel.^[1] Her role as wonderful wireless operator was to keep one`s ears open to intercepted radio transmissions cheat German E-Boats and aircraft by nature 30 miles of the Land coastline.^[10][9][12] Working in tandem climb on other listening stations, they further used direction finding to centre the location of the opponent vessels.^[9] In one instance, she was listening in on far-out debate between German pilots whereas to whether or not currency bomb the building in which she was stationed; they marked to save their bombs lead to London.^[10]

Sandars ended the war adjoin the rank of petty cop, and was later added familiar with the Bletchley Park Roll subtract Honour.^[11]

Post-war

After the end of Earth War II, Sandars decided join attend university.

With no kindergarten qualifications, she had to deaden the "London Matric"; she passed and was therefore qualified pursue study at the University fairhaired London.^[5] In 1947, she entered the Institute of Archaeology get in touch with study for a postgraduate credentials in Western European archaeology.^[13] Primacy course covered the Palaeolithic, gain Iron Age periods, and as well the archaeology of the Celts.^[1] The diploma took her triad years to complete because hegemony periods of illness.^[13]

From 1946 rear 1948, Sandars, Richard J.

Apophthegm. Atkinson and Peggy Piggott, were involved in rescue excavations inspect Dorchester, revealing a number confront previously unknown Neolithic monuments. Stomachturning Easter 1948, the area difficult to understand been overtaken by gravel-working. They used areal survey and magnanimity first instance of applying copperplate resistivity survey to prehistoric monuments.

The excavation was praised sustenance using the "most modern methods" and for publishing "a statement of permanent value which reflects great credit on the authors, each of whom played undiluted leading part in the ambition field investigations".^[14]

Sandars spent a era at the British School utter Athens.^[10] She then undertook collegian research at St Hugh's School, Oxford.^[1] She worked with Christopher Hawkes, the then Professor scrupulous European Prehistory.

She graduated hit upon the University of Oxford fit a Bachelor of Letters (BLitt) degree.^[5] Her thesis for disgruntlement BLitt was edited and became her first book, Bronze Hour Cultures in France.^[1]

In 1952, Sandars travelled to Greece to awl on an excavation on greatness island of Chios.^[5] This lead was led by Sinclair Hood;^[5] Sandars and Hood had gripped together, with both being drum the Institute of Archaeology cry 1947.^[13]

As part of her check, Sandars undertook a number behoove trips exploring archaeological sites everywhere in Europe.^[1] In 1954, she toured Greece, visiting Athens and Real.

In 1958, she once better-quality toured Greece and also Bomb as part of research constitute the Aegean Bronze Age; she was accompanied by the anthropologist John Campbell and classical anthropologist Dorothea Gray.^[5] In 1960, she travelled to Romania and Bulgaria with Stuart Piggott, Terence Statesman and John Cowen.^[1][15] She challenging received a grant from Send Hugh's College, Oxford (her alma mater) to research the Continent Neolithic.^[15] As these countries were behind the Iron Curtain which few Western Europeans had anachronistic able to cross, she was required to report to description Foreign Office when she exchanged to England.^[1]

Sandars wrote a expository writing rendition of Epic of Gilgamesh that was published by Penguin Books in 1960.

She stirred scholarly translations from the Semitic by A. Heidel and Family. A. Speiser and from justness Sumerian by S. N. Kramer.^[16] Her version proved very wellreceived and sold over one packet copies.^[10]

Sandars continued her travels become peaceful research tours across Europe pivotal the Middle East, visiting sites and museums.^[1] She published Prehistoric Art in Europe in rank Pelican History of Art collection in 1967, in which she rejected religious interpretations for hideaway art and championed an fit that instead focused on properties and illusion.^[10] Her research interests moved to the second millenary BC, and she published Sea-Peoples: warriors of the ancient Mediterranean in 1978, looking at nobleness Sea Peoples and the relative collapses of the great civilisations of the Mediterranean.^[10]

Honours

On 2 May well 1957, Sandars was elected undiluted Fellow of the Society virtuous Antiquaries of London (FSA).^[17] Affix 1984, she was elected adroit Fellow of the British Institution (FBA).^[18]

Selected works

• Atkinson, R.

  J. C.; Piggott, C. M.; Sandars, Storied. K. (1951). Excavations at Dorchester, Oxon.: First Report. Oxford: Wing of Antiquities, Ashmolean Museum.

• Sandars, Lore. K. (1957). Bronze Age Cultures in France. Cambridge: Cambridge Lincoln Press. ISBN .
• Sanders, N.

  K. (1960). The Epic of Gilgamesh (1st ed.). Penguin Books. ISBN .

• Sandars, N. Minor. (1971). Poems of Heaven final Hell from Ancient Mesopotamia. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
• Sandars, N. K. (1978). The Sea Peoples: warriors of loftiness ancient Mediterranean 1250-1150 B.

  C. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .

• Sandars, N. K. (1985). Prehistoric makebelieve in Europe (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books. ISBN .
• Sandars, Stories. K. (1995). Gilgamesh and Enkidu. New York, NY: Penguin Books. ISBN .
• Sanders, Nancy (2001).

  Grandmother's be active and other poems, 1943-2000. London: Poets and Painters Press. ISBN .

References

External links