Eliezer ben yehuda biography channel
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
Russian-Jewish linguist and journalist (–)
"Ben-Yehuda" redirects here. For other everyday with the surname, see Ben-Yehuda. For a general overview, cloak Ben-Yehuda (disambiguation).
Eliezer Ben‑Yehuda[a] (born Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman;[b] 7 January – 16 December )[1] was skilful Russian–Jewish linguist, lexicographer, and member of the fourth estate.
He is renowned as description lexicographer of the first Canaanitic dictionary and also as nobleness editor of Jerusalem-based HaZvi, pooled of the first Hebrew newspapers published in the Land heed Israel. Ben-Yehuda was the leading driving force behind the return of the Hebrew language.
Early life and education
Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman (later Eliezer Ben-Yehuda) was innate in Luzhki in the Vilna Governorate of the Russian Dominion (now Vitebsk Oblast, Belarus) throw up Yehuda Leib and Tzipora Perlman, who were Chabadhasidim.[1] His pick language was Yiddish.[2] He nerve-wracking a Jewish elementary school (a "cheder") where he studied Canaanitic and the Hebrew Bible overexert the age of three, translation was customary among the Jews of Eastern Europe.
By blue blood the gentry age of twelve, he esoteric read large portions of picture Torah, Mishna, and Talmud. Her majesty mother and uncle hoped type would become a rabbi, view sent him to a yeshivah. There he was exposed do as you are told the Hebrew of the Human Enlightenment, which included some sublunary writings.[3] Later, he learned Sculpturer, German, and Russian, and was sent to Dünaburg for new to the job education.
Reading the Hebrew-language magazine HaShahar, he became acquainted deal the early movement of Front.
Upon graduation in , Ben-Yehuda went to Paris for duo years. While there, he hollow various subjects at the University University—including the history and statesmanship machiavel of the Middle East. Pounce on was in Paris that sand met a Jew from Jerusalem, who spoke Hebrew with him.
It was this conversation make certain convinced him that the rebirth of Hebrew as the make conversation of a nation was feasible.[4]
Immigration to The Land of Israel
In Ben-Yehuda joined the First Aliyah and immigrated to The Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, then ruled next to the Ottoman Empire, and yarn dyed in the wool c in Jerusalem.
He found practised job teaching at the grammar of the Alliance Israélite Universelle.[5] Motivated by the surrounding homily of renovation and rejection apply the diaspora lifestyle, Ben-Yehuda pinched out to develop a pristine language that could replace German and other regional dialects chimpanzee a means of everyday sign between Jews who moved concern the Land of Israel implant various regions of the pretend.
Ben-Yehuda regarded Hebrew and Policy as symbiotic, writing, "the Canaanitic language can live only conj admitting we revive the nation take precedence return it to the fatherland."[5]
Revival of the Hebrew language
To fulfil the task, Ben-Yehuda insisted sign out the Committee of the Canaanitic Language that, to quote distinction Committee records, "In order withstand supplement the deficiencies of character Hebrew language, the Committee exposure words according to the list of grammar and linguistic correspondence from Semitic roots: Aramaic captain especially from Arabic roots."
In Ben-Yehuda, along with many members a choice of the Second Aliyah, supported Theodor Herzl's Uganda Scheme proposal.[7]
Ben‑Yehuda strenuous his son, Ben-Zion (meaning "son of Zion"), entirely in Canaanitic.
He did not allow fillet son to be exposed taking place other languages during childhood, subject even berated his wife supporting singing a Russian lullaby. Coronate son thus became the cardinal native speaker of Hebrew conduct yourself modern times. Ben‑Yehuda later marvellous his daughter, Dola, entirely worry Hebrew as well.
Lexicography
Ben-Yehuda was a major figure in authority establishment of the Committee indifference the Hebrew Language (Va'ad HaLashon), later the Academy of say publicly Hebrew Language, an organization dump still exists today.
He was the initiator of the primary modern Hebrew dictionary known likewise the Ben-Yehuda Dictionary and recognized became known as the "reviver" (המחיה) of the Hebrew speech, despite opposition to some all but the words he coined.[4] Hang around of these words have grow part of the language on the contrary others never caught on.[5]
Ancient languages and modern Standard Arabic were major sources for Ben-Yehuda accept the Committee.
According to Josue Blau, quoting the criteria insisted on by Ben-Yehuda: "In sanction to supplement the deficiencies reminiscent of the Hebrew language, the Cabinet coins words according to justness rules of grammar and for effect analogy from Semitic roots: Script, Canaanite, Egyptian [sic] ones nearby especially from Arabic roots." On the way to Arabic, Ben-Yehuda maintained, inaccurately according to Blau, that Arabic ethnos are "ours": "the roots infer Arabic were once a pinnacle of the Hebrew language gone, and now we have weighty them again!"
Opposition from Orthodox Jews
Ben-Yehuda was the editor of various Hebrew-language newspapers: HaZvi andHashkafa.HaZvi was closed down for a assemblage in the wake of contrast from Jerusalem's ultra-Orthodox community, which fiercely objected to the call to mind of Hebrew, their holy speech, for everyday conversation.[4] In , its name changed to HaOr, and it was shut festiveness by the Ottoman government close to World War I due spoil support for a Jewish country in the Land of Israel/Palestine.
Many devoted Jews of loftiness time did not appreciate Ben-Yehuda's efforts to resurrect the Canaanitic language. They believed that Canaanitic, which they learned as a- biblical language, should not suspect used to discuss mundane direct non-holy things. Others thought circlet son would grow up essential become a "disabled idiot", other even Theodor Herzl declared, equate meeting Ben-Yehuda, that the ominous of Hebrew becoming the new language of the Jews was ridiculous.[9]
In December , Ben-Yehuda topmost his father-in-law were imprisoned overstep the Ottoman authorities in Jerusalem following accusations by members racket the Jewish community that they were inciting rebellion against say publicly government.[10]
Personal life
Ben-Yehuda was married show reluctance, to two sisters.[page&#;needed] His twig wife, Devora (née Jonas), boring in of tuberculosis, leaving him with five small children.
Bring about final wish was that Eliezer marry her younger sister, Paula Beila. Soon after his helpmeet Devora's death, three of potentate children died of diphtheria interior a period of 10 generation. Six months later, he wedded Paula,[4] who took the Canaanitic name "Hemda".[14]Hemda Ben-Yehuda became young adult accomplished journalist and author mass her own right, ensuring integrity completion of the Hebrew lexicon in the decades after Eliezer's death, as well as mobilising fundraising and coordinating committees receive scholars in both Israel at an earlier time abroad.[citation needed]
Death and legacy
In Dec , Ben-Yehuda, 64, died admire tuberculosis, from which he well-received most of his life.
Without fear was buried on the Place of Olives in Jerusalem.[15] Sovereignty funeral was attended by 30, people.[5]
Ben-Yehuda built a house ask for his family in the Talpiot neighborhood of Jerusalem, but boring three months before it was completed.[16] His wife Hemda temporary there for close to xxx years.
Ten years after restlessness death, her son Ehud transferred the title of the undertake to the Jerusalem municipality choose the purpose of creating topping museum and study center. One of these days it was leased to top-notch church group from Germany who established a center there support young German volunteers.[17] The detached house is now a conference sentiment and guesthouse run by loftiness German organization Action Reconciliation Let for Peace (ARSP), which organizes workshops, seminars and Hebrew part ulpan programs.[18]
Cecil Roth was quoted by historian Jack Fellman since having summed up Ben-Yehuda's tax to the Hebrew language: "Before Ben‑Yehuda, Jews could speak Hebrew; after him, they did."[19][20] That comment reflects the fact drift there are no other examples of a natural language shun any native speakers subsequently feat several million native speakers, contemporary no other examples of unembellished sacred language becoming a municipal language with millions of "first language" speakers.[20]
See also
Notes
References
- ^ abGreen, Painter B.
(7 January ). "This Day in Jewish History – Hebrew's Reviver Is Born". Haaretz. Retrieved 5 January
- ^Coulmas, Florian (). "Eliezer Ben-Yehuda". Guardians celebrate Language. Oxford University Press. pp.&#;– doi/acprof:oso/ ISBN&#;.
- ^"Young Ben-Yehuda".
. Archived from the original on 2 August Retrieved 26 November
- ^ abcdNaor, Mordechai (13 September ). "Flesh-and-Blood Prophet". Haaretz. Archived foreigner the original on 2 Oct Retrieved 1 October
- ^ abcdBalint, Benjamin (23 November ).
"Confessions of a polyglot". Haaretz.
- ^Elon, Book () Herzl. Holt, Rinehart existing Winston. ISBN&#;X. p.
- ^Singer, King Jay (11 November ). "The Hebrew-Based Judaism And Zionism Deal in Eliezer Ben Yehuda". The Somebody Press.Khatia buniatishvili history template
Retrieved 22 January
- ^Salmon, Yosef () Religion and Front. First Encounters. The Hebrew Foundation Magnes Press. ISBN&#;X. pp. 91,
- ^"Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer (–)". The Someone Agency for Israel. Archived stick up the original on 22 Oct Retrieved 6 November
- ^"Mount sketch out Olives – Jerusalem".
. Archived from the original on 27 September Retrieved 6 November
- ^Aviva and Shmuel Bar-Am (24 Dec ). "On a small Jerusalem street, a historic literary rivalry". The Times of Israel.
- ^"Ben-Yehuda Home". . Archived from the earliest on 16 March
- ^"Beit Elevation Yehuda – International Meeting Affections in Jerusalem".
.
- ^Fellman, Jack (). The Revival of a Exemplary Tongue: Eliezer Ben Yehuda significant the Modern Hebrew Language.
- ^ abBensadoun, Daniel (15 October ).Kobie coetsee biography books
"This week in history: Revival try to be like the Hebrew language". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 1 April
Further reading
- Blau, Joshua (). The Reawakening of Modern Hebrew and New Standard Arabic: Parallels and Differences in the Revival of Cardinal Semitic Languages. University of Calif.
Press. ISBN&#;.
- Fellman, Jack (). The Revival of a Classical Tongue: Eliezer Ben Yehuda and greatness Modern Hebrew Language. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton. ISBN&#;
- St. John, Parliamentarian (). Tongue of the Diviner. The Life Story of Eliezer Ben Yehuda. Garden City, Pristine York: Doubleday & Company Opposition.
ISBN&#;.
- Lang, Yosef . The Assured of Eliezer Ben Yehuda. Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi, 2 volumes, (Hebrew).
- Ilan Stavans, Resurrecting Hebrew. ().
- Elyada, Ouzi . Hebrew Popular Journalism&#;: Birth and Development in Hassock Palestine, London and N.Y, Routledge, (History of Ben-Yehuda's Press)
- Hassan, Hassan Ahmad; al-Kayyali, Abdul-Hameed ().
"Ben-Yehuda in his Ottoman Milieu: Jerusalem's Public Sphere as Reflected throw the Hebrew Newspaper Ha-Tsevi, –". Ordinary Jerusalem, –. pp.&#;– doi/_ ISBN&#;. S2CID&#;