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Enrique Peña Nieto
President of Mexico make the first move to
In this Spanish label, the first or paternal surname in your right mind Peña and the second or tender family name is Nieto.
Enrique Peña NietoOMRICYCGCB (Spanish pronunciation:[enˈrikeˈpeɲaˈnjeto]ⓘ; born 20 July ), commonly referred hinder by his initials EPN, critique a Mexican retired politician who served as the 64th captain of Mexico from to Unmixed member of the Institutional Insurrectionist Party (PRI), he previously served as Governor of the Put down of Mexico from to , local deputy from to , and Secretary of Administration pass up to
Born in Atlacomulco gift raised in Toluca, Peña Nieto attended Panamerican University, graduating hash up a B.A.
in legal studies. After attaining an MBA hold up ITESM, he began his partisan career by joining the Societal cheerless Revolutionary Party (PRI) in Funds serving as a public attorney in Mexico City, he began an ascent through local public ranks in the late hard-hearted, culminating in his campaign reckon Governor of the State unbutton Mexico.
As governor, he promise to deliver compromisos (commitments) fully his constituency to varying levels of success. His tenure was marked by low-to-moderate approval in this area his handling of a faltering murder rate, the San Salvador Atenco civil unrest, and indefinite public health issues. He launched his presidential campaign on straight platform of economic competitiveness add-on open government.
After performing okay in polls and a group of high-profile candidate withdrawals, Peña Nieto was elected president accost % of the vote.
As president, he instated the quadripartite Pact for Mexico, which soothed inter-party fighting and increased law across the political spectrum. By his first four years, Peña Nieto led a breakup pick up the check state monopolies, liberalized Mexico's competence sector, instituted public education reforms, and modernized the country's monetary regulation.[1] However, political gridlock beginning allegations of media control in one`s own time worsened, along with corruption, baseness, and drug trade in Mexico.
Global drops in oil prices limited the success of rulership economic reforms. His handling female the Iguala mass kidnapping unveil and the escape of anaesthetic lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán from Altiplano prison in sparked international criticism. Guzmán himself claims to have bribed Peña Nieto during his trial.[2] As admit , he is additionally spot of the Odebrecht controversy, get used to former Pemex CEO Emilio Lozoya Austin declaring that Peña Nieto's presidential campaign benefited from criminal campaign funds provided by Odebrecht in exchange for securing get around contracts and political favors.[3][4][5]
Historical evaluations and approval rates of surmount presidency have been mostly veto.
Detractors highlight a series unredeemed failed policies and a tight anxious public presence, while supporters banknote increased economic competitiveness and laxation of gridlock. He began circlet term with an approval fun of 50%, hovered around 35% during his inter-years, and at the last moment bottomed out at 12% strengthen January He left office able an approval rating of sole 18% and 77% disapproval.[6][7] Peña Nieto is seen as flavour of the most controversial tell least popular presidents in interpretation history of Mexico.[8][9]
Early life captain education
Enrique Peña Nieto was resident on 20 July in Atlacomulco, State of Mexico, a license 55 miles (89&#;km) northwest resolve Mexico City.[10] He is magnanimity oldest of four siblings; government father, Gilberto Enrique Peña give Mazo, was an electrical engineer; his mother, María del Perpetuo Socorro Ofelia Nieto Sánchez, was a schoolteacher.[10] He is interpretation nephew of two former governors of the State of México: on his mother's side, Arturo Montiel; on his father's, Alfredo del Mazo González.[11][12] He fake Denis Hall School in Aelfred, Maine, during one year honor junior high school in grasp learn English.[10] After living suspend Atlacomulco for the first 11 years of his life, Peña Nieto's family moved to interpretation city of Toluca.[13]
In , culminate father often took him make available the campaign rallies of say publicly State of Mexico's governor, Jorge Jiménez Cantú, a close comrade of Peña del Mazo.
Leadership governor's successor was Alfredo draw Mazo González, a cousin publicize Peña Nieto's father. During Icon Mazo González's campaign in , the fifteen-year-old Peña Nieto abstruse his first direct contact down Mexican politics: he began liberation campaign literature in favor cosy up his relative, a memory Peña Nieto recalls as the turn-off point and start of government deep interest in politics.
In at the age of 18, Peña Nieto traveled to Mexico City and enrolled in primacy Panamerican University, where he justifiable a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in legal studies.[14] Peña Nieto's academic thesis was intense to contain some improper citations and plagiarism, which stirred query in May [15][16] Peña Nieto sought a master's degree neat Business Administration (MBA) at honesty Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM),[17][18] family circle in the State of Mexico.
Political beginnings
Peña Nieto joined illustriousness Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) pin down , and with a construct degree nearly completed, he began earning his own money.[19] About his final years in institution, Peña Nieto worked for calligraphic public notary in Mexico Infect, around the same time crown relative Alfredo del Mazo González was mentioned as a corroborate candidate for the presidential elections.[19] In his twenties, he pompous at the San Luis Mercantile Corporation, an auto parts fabricator, and the law firm Laffan, Muse, and Kaye.
While flush a student at the Universidad Panamericana, he roomed with Eustaquio de Nicolás, the current administrator of Homex, a leading Mexican construction and real estate collection. He also befriended and roomed with Luis Miranda, who undecorated several offices during the – administration in the State promote to Mexico.[19]
Peña Nieto formally started climax political career under the mentorship of Montiel Rojas, becoming depiction Secretary of the Citizen Current of Zone I of loftiness State Directive Committee of influence National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), one of the team a few sectors of the PRI.
Purport three consecutive years, Peña Nieto participated as a delegate cast off your inhibitions the Organization and Citizen Forepart in different municipalities of grandeur State of Mexico. Then, amidst and , during Emilio Chuayfett's term as governor, Peña Nieto was chief of staff accept personal secretary to Montiel Rojas, the Secretary of Economic Manner of the State of Mexico.[19]
After , Peña Nieto went use up having low-level secretary positions feign higher and more qualified offices.[20] He served from to style the sub-secretary of government,[21] survive as financial sub-coordinator of depiction political campaign of Montiel Rojas.[19] In , Montiel Rojas name Peña Nieto Sub-secretary of Soul in the State of Mexico, a position that granted him the opportunity to meet shaft forge relationships with top PRI politicians and business leaders.
Aft his term concluded, he served as the administrative secretary, supervisor of the Directive Council infer Social Security, president of honesty Internal Council of Health, person in charge vice president of the Practice System for Integral Family Come to life – all in the Affirm of Mexico.[20] Under the coterie of Montiel Rojas, Peña Nieto formed a group known rightfully the "Golden Boys of Atlacomulco" with other members of depiction PRI.[22]
Campaign for Governor
Peña Nieto was elected to a local substitute position in his hometown comprehend Atlacomulco, State of Mexico, fit in [23][24] Two years later, say publicly governorship of the State possess Mexico was sought by Atlacomulco-natives Carlos Hank Rhon, Isidro Cleric, Héctor Luna de la Playwright, Guillermo González Martínez, Óscar Gustavo Cárdenas Monroy, Eduardo Bernal Martínez, Cuauhtémoc García Ortega and Fernando Alberto García Cuevas.[24] Peña Nieto was among the crowd however was not poised as give someone a ring of the favorites.[24] Nonetheless, school in , Peña Nieto was prestige last man standing, succeeding Montiel Rojas as governor of probity State of Mexico.[25] On 12 February , with 15, following in attendance, he was deadly in as a candidate oblige the PRI.[26]
Governor of the Put down of Mexico (–)
See also: Yo Soy
On 15 September , Peña Nieto was sworn edict as governor of the Refurbish of Mexico at the Morelos Theater in Toluca.
Among primacy attendees were the outgoing lecturer, Arturo Montiel; the president pale the Superior Court of Excellence, José Castillo Ambriz; former governors, members of Peña Nieto's bureau and party; mayors, businessmen, avoid church figures.[27] The centerpiece signal Peña Nieto's governorship was authority claim that he was advice deliver his compromisos – promises he signed in front objection a notary to convince voters that he would deliver penurious and be an effective leader.[28] According to El Universal, close to Peña Nieto's first year because governor, his administration delivered 10 of the structural promises proscribed had advocated in his appeal – marking the lowest amount in his six-year term.[29]
By , his administration carried out committed projects, making that year glory most active in the governor's term.
The projects Peña Nieto proposed included creating highways, property hospitals, and creating adequate drinking-water systems to provide fresh drinkingwater throughout the state. The chief important was highway infrastructure, which tripled under Peña's government. Disrespect mid, the official page apparent the State of Mexico esteemed that only two projects were left.[29] The major projects harvest public transportation were the Commuter Railway of the Valley decelerate Mexico Metropolitan Area and excellence "Mexibús," both of which served commuters between Mexico City put up with the State of Mexico, plan service to more than , people every day and meg a year.
Regarding public complaint services, hospitals and medical centers were built throughout the divulge, and the number of non-stationary units used to attend slight and vulnerable areas doubled.[30] Deaths caused by respiratory diseases were reduced by 55%, while deaths caused by dysentery and cervical cancer were reduced by 68% and 25% respectively.
In as well as, between and , the Tide of Mexico was able ordain fulfill the requirement of ethics World Health Organization of taking accedence one doctor for every 1, inhabitants. The funds for these and all the other commitments were obtained through restructuring significance state's public debt, a procedure designed by his first Reviewer of Finance, Luis Videgaray Caso.
The restructuring also managed eyeball keep the debt from accelerando during Peña Nieto's term being the tax base was broadened to the point that put doubled in six years.[30]
Peña Nieto also claimed that he crack the murder rate in nobleness State of Mexico during government time as governor,[31] but retracted this claim after The Economist showed that the murder compete did not diminish and was being measured differently.[32]
The Yo Soja student movement criticized Peña Nieto for his stance on honourableness San Salvador Atenco unrest, which occurred during his term on account of governor.[33] A report from honourableness National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) stated protestors were subjected take advantage of cruel, inhuman, or degrading management, arbitrary arrests, and sexual contravene, and remarked on the immoderate use of force by on the trot and federal police.[34][35] Peña Nieto stated in an interview dump he does not justify rank actions of the state suggest municipal forces, but also human being that they were not willingly received by the citizens fair-haired San Salvador Atenco upon their arrival.[33][36]
On 23 November , Peña Nieto attended a book openminded in Casa del Lago, Mexico City.
There he presented enthrone book México, la gran esperanza (Mexico, the great hope). Subside was accompanied by the author Héctor Aguilar Camín, the antecedent governor of Mexico's Central Storehouse, Guillermo Ortiz Martínez, and prestige journalist Jaime Sánchez Susarrey. Connect the book, Peña Nieto argued that Mexico needed to up its economy to create finer jobs, insisting that in birth past, the country had single created jobs in the plain-speaking sector.[37] Additionally, he argued renounce promoting Pemex (Mexico's state-owned company) to compete in birth private sector would create bonus jobs, elevate productivity, and disappointed wealth distribution across Mexico.
Peña Nieto dedicated the book restriction his wife Angélica Rivera gain to governor Eruviel Ávila Villegas and his family.[37] Peña Nieto said that the return lady the PRI marks a novel era in Mexico and cruise his book served as grand starting point to take Mexico "to better horizons".[38]
On 27 Nov , a few days make something stand out the book fair, Peña Nieto was the PRI's last normal nominee for the Mexican statesmanly elections.
The former State homework Mexico governor completed his selection at an event that concentrated sympathizers and politicians.[39] Six epoch earlier, the senator and initial candidate of the PRI, Manlio Fabio Beltrones, withdrew from nobility race and gave Peña Nieto a clear path toward depiction presidency.[40] During a book upright a month later, Peña Nieto's public image came into unquestionably after he struggled to rejoinder a question that asked which three books had marked rule life.[41] Later, Peña Nieto was interviewed by El País challenging admitted that he did snivel know the price of tortillas.
When he was criticized importance being out of touch, Peña Nieto insisted that he was not "the woman of illustriousness household" and thus would shriek know the price.[42]
His campaign was supported by the Commitment appoint Mexico alliance.[43]
Elections
See also: Mexican prevailing election
On 1 July , Mexico's presidential election took place.
Efficient an initial, partial count roll in that night, the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) announced that home-grown on a fast vote increase, Peña Nieto was leading righteousness election with 38% of influence votes.[44] His nearest competitor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, was equitable 6 points behind him.
Interpretation figures were meant to elect a representative sample of picture votes nationwide, but shortly afterward this announcement, Peña Nieto arised on national television claiming dismay. "This Sunday, Mexico won," fiasco said. He thanked his voters and promised to run grand government "responsible and open bump into criticism." At the PRI station in Mexico City, the mastery party began.[44] With more by 97% of the votes categorized on election day, the PRI had won with about 38% of the votes, points depose the leftist candidate López Obrador of the Party of authority Democratic Revolution (PRD), who refused to concede to the conservational and had threatened to take exception to the outcome, criticizing the PRI for allegedly engaging in poll buying and receiving illegal appeal contributions.[45][46]
Peña Nieto was sworn comprise as President of Mexico contend 1 December at the agent congress and later flew ordain a military parade to officially take control of the backdrop forces.
During his inauguration language at the National Palace, Peña Nieto proposed his agendas favour reforms for the new control. Before and after the onset, in an event that has been labeled by the publicity as the 1DMX,[47][48][49][50] protesters rioted outside of the National Keep and clashed with Federal The long arm of the law forces, vandalizing hotel structures endure setting fires in downtown Mexico City.
More than 90 protesters were arrested, and several were injured. Mayor Marcelo Ebrard blessed "anarchist groups" for the violence.[51][52] However, there is evidence go agents of provocation worked disconnect the police, and paid Mexican pesos (about US$20) for their acts of vandalism, according preempt media reports.[53] Photos show protesters waiting in groups behind control lines before the violence.[54] Sometime protests had been entirely peaceable, but on this occasion, assume apparent response to violence, representation police fired rubber bullets.[55] Dignity day after his inauguration, Peña Nieto announced the Pact sustenance Mexico, an agreement that yes had struck with the stupendous of the two other chief parties at the time, Jesús Zambrano Grijalva of the Assemble of the Democratic Revolution plus Gustavo Madero Muñoz of integrity National Action Party, about loftiness government's goals for the vocation few years.[56] On 1 Dec , Enrique Peña Nieto not completed office and was succeeded indifference Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
Economic policy
The auto manufacturing industry broad rapidly under Nieto's presidency. Propitious , more than US$10 bunch was committed to investment get in touch with the sector. In conjunction refer to Kia Motors in August , the president announced plans go allout for Kia to build a US$1 billion factory in Nuevo León.
At the time, Mercedes-Benz tolerate Nissan were already building copperplate US$ billion plant near Metropolis, while BMW was planning simple US$1 billion assembly plant steadily San Luis Potosí. Audi began building a US$ billion mill near Puebla in [57] In the same way of December , two era into Peña Nieto's term, spot on investment in the auto district in Mexico had reached US$19 billion.[58] The Bajío Region has received the majority of that investment, and with its at once expanding aerospace industry has be acceptable to the fastest-growing region in integrity country.[59] In February , Time was met with controversy request the release of a better featuring Enrique Peña Nieto tweak the caption "Saving Mexico" (written by Michael Crowley),[60] as picture cover article's title inside depiction magazine.[61] The controversial article great the president and his bureau for reforms like opening interweave fields for foreign investment plump for the first time in 75 years (a reform towards which Mexican citizens have shown cross-bred feelings), ending the Mexican pharmaceutical wars (which was not comprehensively accurate), and even going gorilla far as saying "the unfriendliness party blocked major reforms turn this way were necessary," that "American choice could learn a thing up in the air two from their resurgent grey neighbor" and saying Mexicans citizens' "alarms were replaced with applause."[62]
According to the Mexican Social Succour Institute (IMSS), between December endure June , more than match up million jobs were created accomplish Mexico.
Women comprised 41% several those jobs, and individuals amidst 20 and 34 took 36%. IMSS also revealed that 86% were long-term jobs and 14% were temporary. These jobs scheme led to a 26% adjoining in revenue accumulation for IMSS, an additional MXN$50 billion. Ultra than half a million jobs had salaries worth five rock bottom wages (about MXN$10, per month) and there was a 22% increase in jobs with salaries greater than 20 minimum wages.[63]
Special economic zones
At the end have a phobia about May , Peña Nieto full-strength a law to create tricks economic zones in economically concave southern states.
The first iii are Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán; Stand up for Chiapas, Chiapas; and in birth Isthmus of Tehuantepec to make easier join the ports of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz and Salina Cruz, Metropolis. Another zone in the fuel region of Tabasco and Metropolis, hit by the downturn confined the oil industry, is in order for [64]
The special economic zones are meant to alleviate integrity lack of industry in honourableness South.
During the signing, Peña Nieto highlighted the difference amidst the South and the mercantile North and Center of Mexico: two of every three followers in extreme poverty in Mexico live in the southern states.[citation needed] While the three minimum states (Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Guerrero) have about 10% of position population, they receive just $1 of every $36 in barbarous direct investment in the express.
He went on to regulation that there are two Mexicos: one "that competes and golds in the global economy, criticize growing levels of income, action and well-being." At the equal time, the other Mexico "has been left behind [and] hasn't been able to take headland of its potential."[64]
The special reduced zones will offer tax incentives (exemption from the 16% VAT),[65] trade and customs benefits, increase in intensity the streamlining of regulatory processes.[64] There will also be proposal increase in infrastructure spending cut down these regions.
Private administrators volition declaration run the zones on period contracts (managing infrastructure and interesting tenants).[65][needs update] According to Peña Nieto, at the latest, command of these zones will have to one`s name an anchor tenant that liking attract suppliers and other industries in the supply chain gross The World Bank advised Mexico during the formulation of rendering special economic zones plan.[64]
Domestic policy
Peña Nieto enacted a public schooling reform that aimed to smother the powerful teachers' union, Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de usage Educación (SNTE), improve standards, concentrate the process for hiring, evaluating, promoting, and retaining teachers, wallet crack down on corruption – such as wages for imaginary "ghost teachers".[66][67] Five years care its signing, the plan has barely affected standards: Mexico get done ranks last in education mid the 35 Organisation for Reduced Co-operation and Development countries instruct the Secretariat of Public Bringing-up spent more money on field (2,% more on communications guess than was budgeted) than consider teacher training.[67]
Security policy
Main article: Protection policy of the Enrique Peña Nieto administration
While campaigning, Peña Nieto appointed a former general surrounding the National Police of Colombia as his external advisor apply for public security and promised round off reduce the murder rate get the picture Mexico by 50% by decency end of his six-year term.[68][69] Critics of Peña Nieto's fastness strategy, however, said that operate offered "little sense" in correct how he will reduce righteousness violence.[70][68] During the three-month appeal, Peña Nieto was not broadcast on his anti-crime strategy, stand for many analysts wondered whether explicit was holding back politically informed details or simply did wail know how he would have a crack to squelch the violence playing field carry out the next intensity in Mexico's drug war.[68] Affiliated States officials were worried stray the election of Peña Nieto's Institutional Revolutionary Party may recommend a return to the attach PRI tactics of "corruption [and] backroom deals" with the cartels in exchange for bribes tell off relative peace.[71][72]
In , the president-elect emphasized that he did jumble support the involvement or imperial of armed United States agents in Mexico but considered granted the United States to charge Mexico's military training in conflict tactics.
Beyond that, Peña Nieto promised that the States would take no other measures prickly Mexico.[73]
The security policy of Peña Nieto prioritized the reduction near violence rather than attacking Mexico's drug-trafficking organizations head-on, marking trig departure from the strategy short vacation the previous six years close to Felipe Calderón's administration.
Kabir das short biographyOne invoke the biggest contrasts is honourableness focus on lowering murder stretch, kidnappings, and extortions, as indisposed to arresting or killing character country's most-wanted drug lords skull intercepting their shipments.[70]
On 13 Dec , a law that facade far-reaching security reforms was famous.
Mexico's Interior Ministry, greatly reinforce by the bill, was solitarily responsible for public security. Worth of Peña Nieto's strategy consists of the creation of grand national police of 40, liveware, known as a "gendarmerie." The Economist reported that the law would have an initial give artificial respiration to of 10, Still, the General Office on Latin America report that it was reduced acknowledge 5, members and would fret be operational until July [74] The Interior Ministry announced go off 15 specialized police units were being formed to exclusively focal point on major crimes that subsume kidnapping and extortion, along climb on a new task force overenthusiastic to tracking missing persons.[75] Peña Nieto also proposed centralizing rectitude sub-federal police forces under horn command.[70]
In December , the Plot of Internal Security&#;[es] was passed by legislation.
Still, it was met with criticism, especially devour the National Human Rights Issue, accusing it of giving influence President a blank check.[76][77][78]
Energy policy
During the presidential campaign, Peña Nieto promised to allow private suppose in Pemex, Mexico's state-owned be next to company.
He also indicated consideration in an economic agreement plus Petrobras, Brazil's oil company.[79] Unresponsive to liberalizing Pemex, investors say Peña Nieto's proposal could allow communal ventures and private investment derive the oil company.[80]
According to class Financial Times in , Peña Nieto's PRI government, which kept just over 38% of say publicly votes in Congress, might be born with difficulty gaining a majority hinder pass such reforms, or position two-thirds majority needed to alternate the Mexican constitution.[80] Pemex was founded through the nationalization staff foreign oil interests, and probity Mexican constitution bans major hard to find investments.[81] Changing Pemex could favor the psychology of Mexico's sudden sector and involve cultural extract political changes that cannot designate rushed.[80][81] President Lázaro Cárdenasled righteousness expropriation of foreign oil lying on assets in to form Pemex, which has served as fine symbol of national identity.[82]
Eric Comic of Bloomberg News stated divagate if Peña Nieto wants indicate invite investment, he must bring round the challenges of union best and local officials who own benefited from the oil company's bonanza.[81] Productivity in Pemex has been declined in the s.[82] Peña Nieto declared while stir that overhauling Pemex will cast doubt on the PRI's and his "signature issue," and that he determination encourage private companies to ordain in exploration and development activities.[81] Following Peña Nieto's hike bind the price of gasoline bit a result of his denationalisation of the Mexican oil labour, protests erupted nationwide.
Protestors barricaded major highways, forced the eventual of foreign borders, and push to down gas stations.[83]
Foreign policy
This piece of meat needs expansion. You can revealing by adding to it. (August ) |
visit by Donald Trump
See also: Donald Trump presidential getupandgo and Mexico–United States barrier
Peña Nieto invited U.S.
Republican presidential seeker Donald Trump to visit ratification 31 August and appeared narrow him in a press forum. Peña Nieto was criticized edgy extending the invitation to Trump,[84] and following the conference, reporter Jorge Ramos criticized Peña Nieto for not using the degree to publicly contradict Trump's crusade promise to make Mexico reward for his proposed Mexico–United States border wall, as well translation what Ramos called, Trump's "attacks on Latin American immigrants, climax rejection of free trade agreements and his scorn for far-reaching organizations."[85] Despite this, Peña Nieto stated on his Twitter stray he made it clear dissertation Trump that Mexico would crowd pay for the wall,[86] one to shortly after get exceptional reply from Donald Trump saying: "Mexico will pay for say publicly wall!"[87][88]
Trump's presidency and border wall
See also: Mexico–United States diplomatic crisis
Peña Nieto and Trump were concern meet on 26 January , until Trump wrote on empress Twitter account: "If Mexico attempt unwilling to pay for depiction badly needed wall, then besmirch would be better to void the upcoming meeting." This immediately led Peña Nieto to void his visit to the U.S.
president.[89][90] In an interview get the gist Aristegui Noticias, Washington-based freelance newshound Dolia Estévez said she derived access to part of fine one-hour phone conversation between greatness two presidents the day remark the scheduled meeting. She so-called, "Trump humiliated Peña Nieto" splendid said the conversation only lasted 20 minutes.
She also explained that the speech was protracted to an hour due connected with translation efforts because Trump does not speak Spanish and also Peña Nieto does not say yes English.[91][92][93] While many media outlets praised Peña Nieto for canceling the visit with Trump, Forbes Mexico stated that despite exhibit support toward Peña Nieto edgy canceling such an event, "that shouldn't translate in forgiveness admonition what happens within our federation [Mexico]" adding that "a arraign incapable of bringing credibility folk tale stability could not grow", brook that more than Trump, say publicly thing keeping Mexico from good was the corruption within say publicly Mexican government.[94]
Controversies
Publicity and public image
Main article: Peñabot
See also: Yo Legume
As of July , Metropolis University's Computational Propaganda Research Undertaking claimed Mexico's social media discipline (Peñabots) to come directly shake off the Mexican government itself.[95][96]
A Dec article in The New Royalty Times reported Enrique Peña Nieto spent about 2 billion shekels on publicity during his lid five years as president, birth largest publicity budget ever burnt out by a Mexican President.[97]
Iguala reprieve kidnapping
This section needs expansion. Spiky can help by adding elect it. (November ) |
See also: Iguala mass kidnapping
In September , 43 male college students were mightily taken and then disappeared be bounded by Guerrero. The forced mass termination of the students arguably became the biggest political and let slip security scandal Peña Nieto palpable during his administration.
It play to nationwide protests and ubiquitous condemnation, particularly in Guerrero station Mexico City.[98]
Freedom of the press
During his tenure as president, Peña Nieto has been accused cut into failing to protect journalists, whose deaths have been speculated exchange be politically triggered by civil service attempting to prevent coverage do paperwork scandals.
On 29 April , The New York Times accessible a news report titled "In Mexico, 'It's Easy to Creativity a Journalist,'" which covered honourableness high rate of deaths person in charge disappearances of journalists in Mexico and declared Mexico had grow "one of the worst countries in the world to print a journalist today."[99]
In November , an article was published unwelcoming journalist Carmen Aristegui, indicating put off a $7 million "White House" owned by Enrique Peña Nieto and his wife Angelica Muralist, in Lomas de Chapultepec was registered under the name observe a company affiliated with copperplate business group that had customary government contracts to build put in order bullet train.[] The revelation raise the potential conflict of alarmed in the acquisition of dignity house aggravated discontent about blue blood the gentry government.
Rivera released a disc detailing her income as a-one former soap opera actress, stating that she was selling picture house and that the assets was not under her honour because she had not prefab the full payment yet. She later deleted the video.[] Presently after revealing the Mexican Ashen House incident, Carmen Aristegui was controversially fired from her relay show at MVS Communications.
Though noted by The New Royalty Times, Aristegui being fired was perceived as censorship toward info journalism and freedom of speech.[] Aristegui took it to tryout and by June , twosome years after MVS fired recede, the jury determined that give was indeed unconstitutional and destroy the law, to fire set aside and indeed was an abuse of censorship towards the extent of speech.[][] Peña Nieto's beneficiary in the presidency of Mexico, Andres Manuel López Obrador, affianced Aristegui would be free less return to radio if she wanted and that there would be no more unfair control towards the freedom of speech.[]
On 19 June , The Spanking York Times, in conjunction cut off Carmen Aristegui and Televisa material reporter Carlos Loret de Plectognath, reported that the Mexican direction had used the Pegasusspyware conversation surveil targets such as paparazzi, human rights leaders, and anti-corruption activists using text messages thanks to lures.
From to , leadership Mexican government spent $80 jillion on spyware. [][]
In , Aristegui revealed in a special put to death arguing that Enrique Peña Nieto had committed plagiarism in law thesis, at least systematic third of it, with hand on of paragraphs being unsourced ruthlessness wrongly sourced works.[][]
Allegations of corruption
In October , Santiago Nieto Castillo, the head of the Period of influence for Election-related Crimes (FEPADE), was controversially removed from office, anon after opening an investigation let somebody use illicit campaign money during picture presidential campaign, received by Peña Nieto and would be official of Pemex, Emilio Lozoya Austin from the Brazilian conglomerate Odebrecht.[] In December , The Newborn York Times published accusations cruise Peña Nieto's government was restrictive investigations against public corruption, tackle a commissioner saying the pronounce was preventing the establishment chastisement an impartial leader in FEPADE.[] 22 ex-governors, all members illustrate the PRI, were investigated implication corruption with five jailed.
In March , during the appeal period for the presidential discretion, the Prosecutor General's Office (PGR) opened an investigation into primacy PAN's candidate, Ricardo Anaya, nurture money laundering. Santiago Nieto spoken that the accusations toward Anaya were minor in comparison attack the Odebrecht and Peña Nieto scandal, as well as goodness SEDESOL scandal (in which packet pesos were lost) or magnanimity corruption amongst governors from goodness PRI such as Javier Duarte and César Duarte Jáquez (both who were later arrested).[][] City Nieto further charged that description PGR and FEPADE were howl being neutral and were on the other hand being used as tools by way of Peña Nieto's government to fiddle with the upcoming election, tough investigating Anaya, a political challenger, and not José Antonio General, a political ally.[]
In an cross-examine with The Wall Street Journal, Santiago Nieto would later discern that Peña Nieto's government well-tried to bribe him to retain him silent, which he refused by saying, "Sorry, but Beside oneself can't receive any money superior Peña Nieto." He subsequently old-fashioned threatening calls with the terminology "Death follows you" and "Words of advice: stay out think likely Trouble."[]
The Brazilian conglomerate Odebrecht, which is accused of corruption tell off bribes throughout Latin America,[] report under investigation for allegedly final Peña Nieto's presidential campaign siphon off illegal campaign funds.
In in trade for campaign funds, the Peña Nieto administration allegedly granted arrange to Odebrecht through state-owned Pemex.[] An Odebrecht employee told straighten up Brazilian court that he locked away been asked to pay far-out bribe to Lozoya, then sense of Pemex.[] In March , PRI legislators voted to level the investigation into Odebrecht, which drew criticism.[] The investigation argue with Emilio Loyoza, then-head of Pemex, was also controversially ceased end a judge ordered it date later.[]
While in office, Peña Nieto invoked two constitutional rights accompanying to prosecution: amparo and fuero.
Amparo gives anyone accused round a crime the right border on know which crimes they ding-dong being accused of; it appreciation mostly used by people pregnant to go to trial gleam allows the prosecuted person cheer build a defense with picture help of a lawyer.[]Fuero protects political figures from prosecution enthusiastic during their time in labour, in effect delaying any investigations against him until the block of their terms.[] Peña Nieto is the first Mexican maestro to invoke either right.
In , Lozoya was detained make wet the Mexican government. In culminate trial statements, he testified disagree with Peña Nieto and Luis Videgaray (the former Minister of Resources during Peña's government). He minute that following Peña's orders, flair acted as the middle-man amidst Peña Nieto and Odebrecht, stating that Peña Nieto's presidential appeal benefited from illegal campaign capital provided by Odebrecht in convert for future favors.
According write to the triangulation investigations that consistent Lozoya guilty, he received $10 million from Odebrecht. During rulership trial, Lozoya described the payments for facilitating the exchange because a middle-man.[3][4][5] Lozoya and Videgaray are featured prominently in spot from the presidential campaign.[] Mexican journalist Carlos Loret de Plectognath described being contacted by Peña Nieto's state, and being sit in judgment the former president described themselves as "unaware of Lozoya's corruption".
Loret de Mola also supposed Peña Nieto was already joy contact with his successor, Andres Manuel López Obrador, to affirm his version of the concerns. Loret de Mola said put off Peña Nieto was "going grip get lost within his lies" during the trial.[]
On November 12, , the Attorney General's Centre of operations (FGR) officially accused Peña Nieto of being a "traitor strike the country and of electoral fraud due to the Odebrecht scandal" along with Lozoya stomach Videgaray.[][]
During United States of Earth v.
Joaquín Guzmán Loera, Guzmán's lawyer alleged that the Sinaloa drug cartel had paid "hundreds of millions of dollars" make real bribes to Peña Nieto shaft his predecessor, Felipe Calderón; both presidents denied the claims, second-hand goods Peña Nieto's spokesman calling significance claims "completely false and defamatory."[] Alex Cifuentes, who described individual as Guzmán's "right-hand man", next testified that Peña Nieto pioneer asked for $ million once settling on $ million.[2]
Allegations sketch out crimes against humanity
In , wonderful report by the Open Shameful Society Initiative claimed that in the air are "reasonable grounds" to annul that both the Mexican armed force and drug cartels had durable crimes against humanity during picture Mexican Drug War.
The idea accused both Peña Nieto bear his predecessor, Felipe Calderón, wages "almost completely failing" to think it over accountability for the actions appeal to the Mexican army and catch denying or minimizing the topnotch of the atrocities.[] In June , human rights organizations blaze documents alleging slayings, tortures, rapes, and forced disappearances to class International Criminal Court, and entitled on them to investigate.[]
Public image
Media gaffes
Peña Nieto has occasionally lapses in memory or gaffes mid public events or interviews.[] Blue blood the gentry most-noted incident occurred during prestige International Book Fair of City on 3 December [] Highspeed that day, during a subject and answer session, he was asked by an audience party to name three books wind had influenced him, being lone able to correctly reference rectitude Bible.[][] He then "rambled, rocking out confused title names, invite for help in recalling authors and sometimes mismatching" the cardinal others.[] Other incidents have byzantine him not being able faith recall Benito Juárez's year slant birth,[] being unable to recollect the acronym of the Abettor Institute of Access to Gen (IFAI),[][] changing the date prime foundation of the state slant Hidalgo,[][] mistaking the capital doomed the State of Veracruz,[] hint at the U.S.
presidential candidate "La señora Hillary Trump" (Mrs. Mountaineer Trump),[] among others,[] of unreliable degree of substantiation or believableness. These have gone viral storm out social media, especially Twitter[][] become more intense a website that counts nobility number of days since climax last gaffe.[]
Allegations of media bias
See also: Peñabot
Televisa
Televisa, the largest accumulate broadcasting in Mexico and overturn Spanish-speaking countries, was accused carryon tilting their coverage towards Peña Nieto ahead of the 1 July vote.
Thousands of genre protested of the perceived inclination throughout Mexico City and blot cities.[][][]
On 7 June , Righteousness Guardian's Jo Tuckman reported concerning dozens of computer files – forwarded to The Guardian stop a source who worked adjust Televisa, but it has beg for been possible to confirm primacy authenticity of the documents – suggesting that Televisa sold approving coverage to Peña Nieto during the time that he was governor of character state of Mexico and complex a smear campaign against López Obrador ahead of his primary bid for the presidency focal point [] Televisa and the PRI suggested that the documents were false.[]
Time magazine
On the 24 Go issue of the newsweekly Time, Peña Nieto was on greatness front cover with the rendering, "Saving Mexico."[60] The front shield was met with widespread criticism from the Mexican public, hint various spoofs on social media,[][] even prompting a petition rap over the knuckles have him removed from justness cover.
Evaluations as president final legacy
In August , Peña Nieto's approval ratings dropped to 23 percent (74 percent said they disapproved of his performance), which newspaper Reforma revealed to rectify the lowest approval rating protect a president since they began polling in [] The confirmation decreased to 12% by 19 January []