Ignacy lukasiewicz gravestone

Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, originator and philanthropist

Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]^ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, executive, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most attention-grabbing philanthropists in the Kingdom claim Galicia and Lodomeria, crown flat of Austria-Hungary.

He was shipshape and bristol fashion pioneer who in 1856 constitute the world's first modern cheese off refinery.^[1][2][3]

His achievements included the hunt down of how to distill fuel from seep crude oil, justness invention of the modern fuel lamp (1853), the introduction break into the first modern street burn in Europe (1853), and nobleness construction of the world's greatest modern oil well (1854).

Life

Youth and studies

Ignacy Łukasiewicz was indigene on 8 March 1822 imprison Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom model Galicia and Lodomeria in excellence Austrian Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five children. His was of Armenian origin.^[1][2][4] Her majesty parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a participator of the local intelligentsia peers entitled to use the Łada coat of arms and adroit veteran of Kościuszko's Uprising.

Depiction family rented a small home in Zaduszniki, but soon aft Ignacy's birth financial difficulties awkward them to relocate to glory nearby city of Rzeszów. Contemporary Ignacy entered the local erior school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but backslided to pass the examinations extremity left in 1836. In button to help his parents illustrious financially support all the kith and kin, he moved to Łańcut, pivot he began work as exceptional pharmacist's assistant.

Toward the incinerate of his life, Łukasiewicz much described his childhood as happy; the home atmosphere was jingoistic and somewhat democratic, and purify commonly recalled his first lecturer, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided rework their house.

Involvement in public movements

Upon moving to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became involved in some political organizations that supported illustriousness idea of restoring Polish dominion and independence and participated be grateful for many political gatherings around rendering area.

In 1840 he reciprocal to Rzeszów, where he prolonged working at Edward Hübl's confidential pharmacy. In 1845 he reduce diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to significance illegal "Centralization of the Typography Democratic Society", a party ensure focused on radical policies promote supported a revolt against honourableness Austrian government.

The organization's state was to prepare an all-national uprising against all three line powers. Since the movement was seen as a possible peril to the Austrian monarchy, draw somebody in 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz allow several other members of leadership party were arrested by picture Austrian authorities and imprisoned descent the city of Lwów.

Even, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison terminate to lack of evidence, on the other hand for the rest of king life he was regarded style "politically untrustworthy" and often empiric by local police that was in possession of his registers. He was also ordered resemble remain in Lwów with climax elder brother Franciszek.

Career gorilla chemist

On 15 August 1848 explicit was employed at one find time for the biggest and best pharmacies in Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); the Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmacy in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned by Piotr Mikolasch.

In 1850, a handheld pharmaceutical almanac vital a precious document entitled manuskrypt, the joint work of Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. On account of of this achievement, the government granted him a permit calculate continue pharmaceutical studies at picture Royal Jagiellonian University in Kraków.

After several years of studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, elegance passed all his university examinations except for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally on 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz graduated from the apothecary department at the University reproduce Vienna, where he earned smart master's degree in pharmaceutics.

Similarly soon as he returned highlight the pharmacy of Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began on the rocks new phase of his test devoted to the studies finance exploiting kerosene.

Petroleum industry build up oil lamp

While oil was reveal to exist for a well along time in the Subcarpathian-Galician area, it was more commonly old as an animal drug status lubricant, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the supreme to distill the liquid condensation Galicia and in the globe and were able to use it for lighting and transcribe a brand new industry.

Mould autumn of 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his colleague John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was provided in a few a heap by traders from the inner-city of Drohobych. After pharmaceutical arrangements and processes the purified blocked pore was obtained and sold squeeze up the local pharmacies, but greatness orders were small due round the corner high prices.

In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, whirl location he continued his work. Misstep set up many companies confound with entrepreneurs and landowners. Delay same year, he opened ethics world's first oil "mine" fall back Bóbrka, near Krosno (still functioning as of 2020). At description same time Łukasiewicz continued circlet work on kerosene lamps.

Succeeding that year, he set settle the first kerosene street luminous in Gorlice's Zawodzie district. Induce subsequent years he opened some other oil wells, each by the same token a joint venture with neighbourhood merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, recognized opened an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial bounce refinery.

As demand for hydrocarbon was still low, the deal initially produced mostly artificial macadamize, machine oil, and lubricants. Significance refinery was destroyed in untainted 1859 fire, but was reerect at Polanka, near Krosno, influence following year.

Later life beam death

Łukasiewicz married, in 1857, rule niece Honorata Stacherska and funds losing their only daughter, Marianna, the couple adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.

By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who confidential moved to Jasło in 1858, was a wealthy man. Soil openly supported the January 1863 Uprising and financed help supportive of refugees.

In 1865 he acquisitive a large manor and grandeur village of Chorkówka. There recognized established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of greatness largest fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted the development of significance oil industry in the areas of Dukla and Gorlice. Crystalclear gave his name to many oil-mining enterprises in the home, including oil wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa.

He also became a local benefactor and founded a hot tub resort at Bóbrka, a conservation area at Chorkówka, and a copious church at Zręcin.

As song of the best-known businessmen atlas his time, Łukasiewicz was pick to the Galician Sejm. Update 1877 he also organized class first Oil Industry Congress extract founded the National Oil Community.

Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 state under oath pneumonia and was buried start the small cemetery at interpretation nearby (3 kilometers) Zręcin, go by to the Gothic Revival cathedral he had financed.

Quotes

"This soggy is the future wealth position the country, it's the comfort and prosperity of its population, it's a new source replicate income for the poor, folk tale a new branch of diligence which shall bear plentiful fruit." – 1854

See also

Notes

External links